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The benefits of using an Electron Multiplier camera like the Hamamatsu C9100-14 for those applications are manifold:
- high sensitivity in the NIR range to allow short exposure times
- high gain and high frame rate to achieve short measurement interval
- low noise to achieve high measurement accuracy
Electroluminescence (EL) and Photoluminescence(PL) are used to analyze various characteristics and defects
- Material Failures
- Shunts
- Crystalline failures
- Cracks
- Contamination
- Thin-film defects
- Process failures
- Metallization failures
- Efficiency mapping
PL is applicable not only to processed wafer or modules, but it can also be applied for bare wafer and for wafer under production process
EL and PL are powerful methods for defect analysis and quality analysis in solar cell production.
Datasheet
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